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The Stages of Individual and Religious Development |
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Wilber’s Stage of Individual Growth |
Bellah’s Stage of Religious Evolution |
Developmental Activities |
Developmental Tools |
Social Mana |
Individual Mana |
| 1. Biochemical | — | — | — | — | Physical food |
| 2. Emergent sensory self | I. Primitive: Australian Aborigines | Communion with the dreaming. | Ritual and trance. | Oral language, collective memory | Mirroring |
| 3.Representational mind | II. Archaic: Tribal, shamanic, magical | Distinguish nature, self, spirit | Sensory language, story (myth) | Agriculture (economic surplus) , Leisure | Social Interaction |
| 4.Rule/role mind | III. Historic: Judaism, Early Xianity, Exoteric Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism | Nurture the weak ego, control behavior, organize group life. | Creeds, codes, laws, law enforcement, ritual instruction, “the word” | Urban technology, in-creased economic sur-plus, writing | Mastery of the game, social interaction |
| 5. Self-conscious thinking | IV. Early Modern: Protestantism, Secular-ism, Science, Legal Theory, Philosophy | Break away from the parent, autonomous thinking. Rational perspectivism | Theology, theological debate, Constitutions, treaties | Commerce, administrative apparatus, legal theory, universities, printing, monasticism | Leisure, advanced social interaction, information, information, information |
| 6.Beginner’s existential experience | V. Modern | Explore interiority, emotional perspectivism | Introspection, meditation, psychotherapy, less orthodoxy, blurred organizational lines | Widely distributed wealth, intercultural communication, introspective science, global catastrophe | Accumulation of introspective experience |
| 7. Advanced existential experience | VI Post-Modern | Advanced exploration of interiority | Spiritual guidance, meditation, critique of rationality, explore the somatic sense | Advanced introspection | More accumulation of introspective experience |